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Residue
A material that is not deliberately produced in a production process but may or may not be a waste. For example, crude tall oil is a residue of pulp production.
Comment: this term is often used in different UPM businesses interchangeably with side streams, by-products, or in UPM Fibres’ case, ‘biostreams’.
*Note: for the purposes of those UPM businesses using residues in the context of the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED), residues and by-products have different meanings. Ideally, other businesses should, where possible, avoid using ‘residues’ to remove this confusion.
Circular Economy and Biochemicals